Expectancy Theory

Definition: Expectancy Theory is an employee motivation model by Victor Vroom based on the idea that individuals decide and act based on 3 interacting beliefs:
- Valence (personal goals, things they value)
- Expectancy (performance, what they believe they can achieve)
- Instrumentality (outcome, if they perform well, will they be rewarded).
Behavior is a result from individual conscious choices among alternatives, trying to maximize pleasure and to minimize pain.

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