Change Approaches

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Definition: Change Approaches is a model by Kotter ('79) of 6 ways to deal with resistance to change:
1. Education and Communication. If employees are lacking information.
2. Participation and Involvement. If initiators do not have all the needed information to design the change, and if others have considerable power to resist.
3. Facilitation and Support. If people are resisting, because of adjustment problems.
4. Negotiation and Agreement. If someone or some group may lose out because of a change and has considerable power to resist.
5. Manipulation and Co-optation. If other tactics won't work or are too expensive.
6. Explicit and Implicit Coercion. If speed is a must. Only as last resort.