Induction

Definition: Induction is a reasoning process of inferring A entails B from multiple instantiations of A and B at the same time.
Example: the hypothesis that all swans are white. Each time a new swan is observed and found to be white the conjecture is increasingly confirmed. But if a black swan is discovered, the conjecture is falsified.
Also called inductive reasoning. A special form is abduction.
It is used to ascribe properties or relations to objects or types based on previous observations or experiences, or to formulate general statements or laws based on limited observations of recurring phenomenal patterns.

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More on reasoning: Abduction, Abstraction, Analogy, Argumenting, Deduction, more...

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