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Definition: Social Loafing is in psychology and sociology regarded as the tendency of individuals to reduce efforts when working on a collective task (i.e., when outputs are pooled with those of other group members) as compared to when the individual works alone. It happens because all members of the group are combining their efforts to reach a common goal. The group members tend to contribute less than what they would if they had to do a task alone.
The phenomenon is regarded as one of the main reasons groups are often less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals.